Bio engineering S3-3

This course is divided into two parts: “tissue and cell engineering” and “biosensors”. The goal of the first part “tissue and cell engineering” is to introduce the nanoscale sensibility of living, to the extreme sophistication of multi-level biologic assembly. The utilization of micro- and nanotechnologies for probing, stimulating or analyzing the cell and tissue behavior, are described in the domains of biomaterials and implants, microsystems and organ-on-a-chip, personalized medicine and drug delivery. A special emphasis will be given on image analysis concepts applied to the detection of biological objects from optical videomicroscopy images. The second part « biosensors & biochips » introduces the main concepts related to the design, the fabrication and the utilization of microsystems for molecular analysis in complex environments, liquid or gaseous. Such systems include sensors and biosensors, i.e., systems for the detection of certain chemical species, as well as biochips, which are devices for simultaneous multi-factor analysis. The course shows how the fundamental notions in the relevant scientific domains (physical chemistry of interfaces, biochemistry, physical measurements, ...) must be articulated in a coherent way, from the conception of biochips and their fabrication, to the interpretation of the resulting data, in order to achieve an analytical performance that is best adapted to the issue under investigation. In this perspective, this part is adapted to students that doesn’t have a deep chemistry and biology background, but have a more engineering, physics and materials background. We will discuss examples from the domain of academic research as well as commercialized systems, for applications related to health and environment.

Part « Tissue and cell Engineering » • Cell and tissue Mechanobiology - introduction to the nanometer-scale sensing ability of cells – cell adhesion, cell migration, cell biomechanics • Microsystems and Organ-on-a-chip for cell culture, diagnosis, drug screening… • Biomaterials, hydrogels, implants, scaffolds • Basics of Image Analysis (theoretical courses with examples on a free software ImageJ, Python and tools from AI).

o Numerical project on Image analysis (teamwork)

Part « Biosensors & Biochips » : lectures • Analytical performances of affinity chemical sensors & biosensors • Influence of sensors fabrication choices on their analytical performances • Surface chemistry : the case of plasmonic biosensors • From affinity sensors to electronic noses : an industrial perspective • In vivo implantable biosensors • Nanoparticles based molecular diagnostics • DNA biochips and high throughput technologies.

o Workshop 1 : bibliographic study on transducers + oral defense team work) o Workshop 2 : DNA microarray case studies (teamwork)